Normally, you don’t have to worry about permissions in Windows because that’s already taken care of by the operating system. Each user has their own profile and their own set of permissions, which prevents unauthorized access to files and folders.
There are times, however, when you might want to manually configure the permissions on a set of files or folders in order to prevent other users from accessing the data. This post is assuming the other “people” also have access to the same computer you are using.
Table of Contents

• Data Security
  
• File and Folder Permissions
  
• Permission Types
  
• Editing Permissions
  

1. If you set Full Control permissions on a folder for a user, the user will be able to delete any file or subfolder regardless of what permissions are set for those files or subfolders.
   
2. By default permissions are inherited, so if you want custom permissions for a file or folder, you have to first disable inheritance.
   
3. Deny permissions override Allow permissions, so use them sparingly and preferably only on specific users, not groups
   

After finishing the course, you can take the exam. If you pass, you'll be awarded a certificate:

We offer many more SEO-related courses. Let’s look at some of the other popular options.
2. SEO Principles by Semrush
Best for: beginner SEOs
Duration: 1 hour
Cost: free
Certificate: yes
Instructor(s): Kyle Byers
This SEO Principles course is tailored for absolute beginners who want to learn the fundamentals of SEO. 
It teaches you the three main aspects of SEO: on-page SEO, off-page SEO, and technical SEO.
All in an easy-to-understand way. So you'll learn the essential strategies to start optimizing your site. 

Each video lesson is paired with a short quiz to test your understanding of the topics covered. 
And as with other courses on our platform, completing this course and the exam afterward earns you a certificate.
We promise: In one hour, you'll have a solid grasp of what makes a site "SEO-optimized."
So give this course a try and enter the world of SEO.
3. Crafting a Winning SEO Strategy by Semrush
Best for: intermediate and advanced SEOs
Duration: 44 mins
Cost: free
Certificate: yes
Instructor(s): Kevin Indig
This is another value-packed course on our platform. Crafting a Winning SEO Strategy is for experienced SEO professionals working in an in-house capacity.
It teaches you how to develop and implement a comprehensive SEO strategy tailored to your organization's specific needs and goals.
You’ll also learn how to get buy-in from the top management. And how to communicate the value of your SEO strategy to them.

To make the course more interactive, we’ve added a short quiz after every module.
And at the end of the course, we’ll ask you to take an exam. If you pass, we’ll award you a certificate.
This course is a must-try if you’re looking to create a real impact within your organization.
4. Content-Led SEO by Semrush
Best for: beginner and intermediate SEOs
Duration: 7 hours
Cost: free
Certificate: yes
Instructor(s): Brian Dean
Our Content-Led SEO course is perfect for anyone who’s serious about cracking number one Google rankings.
You’ll learn new content creation frameworks, link building techniques, and strategies to scale up your SEO game overall.

Throughout the course, you’ll find downloadable worksheets that contain actionable next steps so you can implement the strategies on your own website.
By the end of this seven-hour course, you’ll be well on your way to achieving higher rankings on Google.
And if you complete the course exam, you’ll earn a certificate.
5. Google SEO Fundamentals by UC Davis
Best for: SEO beginners
Duration: 29 hours
Cost: free
Certificate: yes
Instructor(s): Rebekah May, Eric Enge
Google doesn’t provide a Google SEO certification. If anyone claims they are a “Google Certified SEO Specialist,” they misspoke.
However, Google recommends a free online SEO certification course called Google SEO Fundamentals which is part of an SEO Specialization series created by the University of California, Davis, and powered by Coursera.

This course is broken down into four modules and takes about 29 hours to complete, with a certification offered after completing the final exam.
Each learning module includes a “bite-sized” video tutorial. And a quick quiz at the end to test your knowledge.
Tip: If you need to learn digital marketing basics, check out the free course by Google Digital Garage called Fundamentals of digital marketing. 
6. SEO Certification Course by HubSpot
Best for: SEO beginners
Duration: 4 hours
Cost: free
Certificate: yes
Instructor(s): Rachel Sheldon, Matthew Howells-Barby
This SEO Certification Course is given by HubSpot, a company known for its inbound marketing and sales software. 
The video course, which lasts almost four hours, teaches SEO basics through six lessons, 25 videos, and five quizzes.

The well-produced videos cover topics like on-page SEO, technical SEO, keyword research, link building, optimization for rich snippets, and SEO reporting.
Tip: Also take HubSpot's Inbound Marketing Course, which is aimed at novices who want to learn more about inbound methodologies and strategies.
7. SEO Training by ClickMinded
Best for: beginners to intermediate SEOs
Duration: 5 hours
Cost: $997
Certificate: yes
Instructor(s): Tommy Griffith
The SEO Training by ClickMinded has helped “8,702 startups, agencies, entrepreneurs and students learn SEO, get higher rankings, and more traffic.”

This training includes the following:

• SEO fundamentals
  
• Introduction to SEO tools
  
• How to optimize for any search engine
  
• Keyword research advice
  
• Introduction to Google Search Console
  
• Certification exam
  

• Theoretical training or learning
  
• Hands-on experience 
  
• Getting outstanding results for real-world businesses
  

What Is SEO? Meaning, Examples & How to Optimize Your Site
Vlado Pavlik
Dec 05, 202213 min read

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• What Is SEO?
  
• Why Is SEO Important?
  
• How Do Search Engines Work?
  
• How Does SEO Work?
  
• 7 Truths About SEO
  
• Get Started With SEO
  
• SEO FAQs
  

What Is SEO?
SEO (search engine optimization) is a set of processes aimed at improving a website’s visibility in search engines, like Google, with the goal of getting more organic traffic. SEO is about fulfilling users’ search needs by creating relevant, high-quality content and providing the best possible user experience.

SEO activities can take place both on-site and off-site. That’s why you may often see SEO divided into “on-page” and ”off-page” categories. 
In practice, SEO typically involves:

• Keyword research
  
• Content creation and optimization
  
• Technical optimization
  
• Link building
  

Why Is SEO Important?
Every day, Google users conduct billions of searches for information and products. It’s no surprise that search engines are usually one of the biggest traffic sources to websites.
To harness this traffic source’s potential, you need to appear in the top search results for your target keywords. 
The correlation is very simple—the higher you rank, the more people will visit your page.
The No. 1 organic result is 10x more likely to receive a click than a page ranking in position No. 10.

And the top three organic results get more than 50% of all the clicks.
This is where SEO enters the picture. 
Search engine optimization plays a key role in improving your ranking positions. Better rankings mean more traffic. And more traffic means new customers and more brand awareness.
In other words, neglecting SEO would mean neglecting one of the most important traffic channels—leaving that space completely to your competitors.
SEO vs. PPC
Most search engine results pages (SERPs) contain two main types of results: 

• Paid results: You have to pay to be here, through pay-per-click (PPC) advertising
  
• Organic results: You must “earn” your rankings here, through SEO
  

You may ask: Why not just pay to appear in the ads section?
The answer is simple. The vast majority of people just ignore ads and click on the organic results instead.
Yes, SEO takes more time, effort, and—although it focuses on “free” organic traffic—resources. 
But once you rank for your target keywords, you can reach more people and generate “passive” traffic that doesn’t disappear the moment you stop paying.
Note: Need to set up a Google Ads campaign? Our PPC Keyword Tool offers a quick and easy way to set up a campaign, organize keywords, set negative keywords, and export everything into the Google Ads editor. 

Try for Free →

How Do Search Engines Work?
The ultimate goal of any search engine is to make searchers happy with the results they find.
To achieve this, search engines need to find the best pages. And serve them as the top search results.
Note: Google is not the only search engine. But it is by far the most popular one. That’s why we refer to Google most times we talk about search engines. Besides, SEO fundamentals are fairly similar across most search engines.
Google uses the following stages to find and rank content:

• Crawling: Google uses “bots,” or computer programs, to crawl the web and look for new or updated pages. In order for Google to find a page, the page should have at least one link pointing to it. 
  
• Indexing: Next, Google analyzes each page and tries to make sense of what the page is about. Then, it may store this information in the Google Index—a huge database of webpages.
  
• Serving results: When a user enters a query, Google determines which pages are the best, in terms of both quality and relevance, and ranks them in the SERP.
  

Your job as a website owner is to help search engines crawl and index all the pages on your site that you want them to. (And none of them that you don’t.)
You can ensure the crawlability and indexability of your pages through a number of actions and best practices commonly referred to as technical SEO. 
Now that you understand how Google finds and categorizes pages, it’s time to take a closer look at how the top results are selected. And the role of SEO in this process.
Further reading:

• What Is Technical SEO? Basics and Best Practices
  

• Navigational (e.g., “spotify login”)
  
• Informational (e.g., “what is spotify”)
  
• Commercial (e.g., “spotify review”)
  
• Transactional (e.g., “spotify premium”)
  

Here’s an example:
If you search for “best dog food,” you don’t want to see articles about different types of dog diets or recipes for homemade dog food. Both would be topically relevant, but they do not fulfill your search intent. 
Google knows, based on the behavior of millions of other users, that if you search for “best dog food,” you almost certainly want to buy dog food. 
That’s why Google ranks either product pages or reviews of the best dog food products (i.e., the search intent is either transactional or commercial).

So, how do you make sure your page fulfills the intent behind a search query?
Luckily, Google does all the hard work. All you need to do is look at the search results and analyze what you see.
Things you need to consider to create relevant content:

• Topical relevance: One of the ways Google determines a page’s topic is by looking at the keywords that appear on the page. Optimize your pages for keywords, but avoid overdoing it. 
  
• Type of content: Make sure your page provides the right type of content for the query by looking at what types of results rank for the keyword (e.g., landing pages, product pages, informational posts, reviews, etc.)
  
• Content freshness: Some types of topics, such as news updates or product reviews, require fresh, frequently updated information. If the search query is time-sensitive, you need to ensure your content will also stay up to date. 
  
• Location: Google may serve different results based on a searcher’s location. If this is the case, you need to adjust your strategy accordingly (e.g., if you run a local business, follow local SEO best practices). 
  

Where to Start?
To quickly identify a keyword’s intent, use a tool like Keyword Overview. 
Enter your keyword and click “Search.”

You’ll see the intent in the widget labeled “Intent.” 

And if you’re doing keyword research, the Keyword Magic Tool also displays intent. 
Like this:

Further reading: 

• How to Do Keyword Research for SEO
  

• Comprehensiveness: Cover the topic thoroughly and answer all the questions a visitor might have. It’s not about word count. Ensure that each page gives searchers a complete resource.
  
• Uniqueness: Your content should not be a compilation of the top results. It should always provide some added value—whether it is a unique angle, useful data, helpful examples, or original visuals.
  
• E-E-A-T signals: Google pays a lot of attention to Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, and Trustworthiness (E-E-A-T). You should provide accurate and reliable information, be an expert on what you write about, and demonstrate it both on-site and off-site. 
  
• Readability: Your text should be easy to read. This includes structuring your content logically, writing short sentences, avoiding passive voice, having a consistent tone of voice, etc. 
  

Where to Start?
Once you’ve conducted keyword research, it’s time to start creating content.
It’s difficult to measure the quality of content exactly, but a tool like SEO Writing Assistant can help.
To start, open the tool and start writing. Or, if you already have the text, copy and paste it in.
The tool will evaluate your content in four categories—”Readability,” “SEO,” “Originality,” and “Tone of Voice”—and suggest improvements.
Like so:

Providing Great Usability
Google prefers user-friendly websites.
Technical SEO plays an important role here again. Besides ensuring the crawlability and indexability of your website, SEO also makes sure your website meets usability standards. 
This includes factors like:

• Site security: Your website should meet standard security criteria, like having an SSL certificate (using HTTPS protocol instead of HTTP).
  
• Page speed: Google ranks faster pages higher in the search results because they provide a better user experience.
  
• Mobile friendliness: Google evaluates your content based on its performance on a mobile device—this is called “mobile-first indexing.” Mobile SEO ensures that mobile users are able to consume your content easily. 
  
• Ease of use: You should have an easy-to-follow website structure that allows visitors to find everything quickly. And navigate through your site without any problems or obstructions. 
  

Where to Start?
The best way to get a general overview of your website’s usability is to run a complete site audit.
In Semrush’s Site Audit, you'll find several reports that focus on different aspects of your website’s performance. 
Start by entering your domain and clicking “Start Audit.” 

In the basic settings, select the number of pages per audit and the crawl source as “Website.” 
Then, click “Start Site Audit.”

Once the tool is done crawling your site, you’ll see a dashboard with your site’s overall health. And different thematic reports. 

Besides checking for over 140 issues, the tool also provides recommendations on how to fix them.
Like this:
Head to the “Issues” tab and you’ll see all of your site’s errors, warnings, and notices. 

To learn more about the issue and how to fix it, click “Why and how to fix it” and you’ll see a popup. 

Further reading:

• How to Perform a Complete SEO Audit 
  

Try for Free →

Building Authority
Search engines use several off-page signals to determine whether your site can be trusted. 
One of the strongest signals, and one of the strongest ranking factors in general, is backlinks—links from other websites pointing to your site.

Essentially, backlinks function as votes of confidence to search engines. 
In general, the more high-quality links your page receives, the more authority your page has in the eyes of Google. Which can lead to higher rankings.
That’s why link building—the practice of getting backlinks to your site—is an important part of SEO.
There are plenty of link building strategies. For example:

• Creating linkable assets: creating content that provides great value and naturally attracts links (e.g., original studies, interactive pages, free tools)
  
• Guest blogging: writing posts for other websites in order to link back to your website
  
• Broken link building: finding links that no longer work on other websites and suggesting links to your pages as replacements
  

Tip: Learn more about the best ways to get backlinks in our link building guide for beginners. 
Focus on quality (not quantity) when building links. 
A single backlink from a high-authority page will pass more authority than 100 backlinks from irrelevant, low-quality pages. 
Yes, you do want as many links as possible. But those links need to be from relevant, quality pages related to your site’s topic.

Last thing to remember: 
Although Google ranks pages, not websites (meaning they evaluate most authority signals at a page level), the overall number of backlinks to your website can still influence a particular page’s rankings. 
How? 
Through internal linking (linking from one page of your website to another), you can pass authority between your pages the same way it passes from external pages to your site.
Keep this in mind when creating internal links. And make sure your most important pages have enough internal links pointing at them. 
As Google’s John Mueller said about internal linking: “[It is] one of the biggest things that you can do on a website to kind of guide Google and guide visitors to the pages that you think are important.”
Where to Start?
The easiest way to find backlink opportunities is to run a backlink gap analysis.
Why?
It’ll help you see the sites linking to your competitors, but not to you. 
After all, if a site is happy to link to a competitor, they’ll probably be happy to link to you, too. 
Especially if you create higher-quality content. 
To start, head to the Backlink Gap tool. 
Then, enter your domain and up to four competitor domains. And click “Find prospects.”

You’ll get a table with all the websites that have backlinks to your competitors. 

And you have different filters: “Best,” “Weak,” “Strong,” “Shared,” “Unique,” or “All” opportunities.

Here’s what each filter means:

• Best: Websites that link to all of your competitors, but not to you
  
• Weak: Websites that link to you less than to competitors
  
• Strong: Websites that link only to you
  
• Shared: Websites that link to all of your competitors
  
• Unique: Websites that link to only one competitor domain
  
• All: All prospective websites
  

Start with the “Best” filter. Hit the “Export” button on the top right.

And you now have a long list of sites you can reach out to for backlinks. 

Try for Free →

7 Truths About SEO
So that’s what SEO means in practice. 
But here are seven truths you should take to heart before embarking on your SEO journey: 

• SEO is not about cheating Google. Instead, think of it as convincing Google to rank your page by showing the value you provide for users.
  
• SEO is not about hacks. Don’t get caught in a loop of looking for cool new SEO tricks or hacks. Usually, all you need is to do the SEO basics really well really consistently.
  
• SEO is a long-term game. SEO results usually don’t appear immediately, although there are exceptions—for example, when you fix some serious issue. In general, think in months instead of days.
  
• SEO is more than just installing an SEO plugin. SEO plugins are useful tools. But the mere fact that you set one up does not mean your website is suddenly “SEO-friendly.”
  
• You're never “done” with SEO. Search engine optimization is a continuous process. Even if you rank No. 1 for all your keywords, you always need to keep improving. The competition never sleeps. 
  
• Knowing your audience is key. The more you understand your target audience (customers, readers, subscribers), the easier it is to create an effective SEO strategy.
  
• SEO is just one part of the puzzle. No amount of optimization will help you if you neglect to work on the core of your business—your product or service.
  

• Do keyword research (up to 10 searches per day)
  
• Analyze competitors (up to 10 domains per day)
  
• Track your keyword rankings (up to 10 keywords)
  
• Run a free site audit (crawl up to 100 URLs)
  
• Get ideas to improve your on-page SEO (up to one campaign)
  

And tons more. 

Get a FREE Trial →

SEO FAQs
Finally, here are the answers to some common questions about SEO.
What Is the Role of SEO in Digital Marketing? 
The prime objective of SEO is improving the visibility of a website in search engines. As such, it is a crucial part of every digital marketing strategy. 
SEO creates great synergy with PPC advertising and overlaps with other areas of marketing, such as content marketing and social media marketing.
Can I Do SEO Myself?
If you’ve ever wondered whether you can DIY SEO without the help of a professional or an agency, the answer is definitely yes. All you need is a willingness to learn new things and a website where you can apply your knowledge.
How Do I Start Learning SEO?
This guide is a good stepping stone for your SEO learning journey. But if you want to dive deeper and/or prefer video content, you’ll love Semrush Academy. 
Find dozens of 100% free online courses taught by top industry experts, such as Eric Enge, Brian Dean, and Nathan Gotch.
Do I Need an SEO Tool?
Your SEO actions must be based on accurate data. If you run a website that makes you money, having a complete SEO toolset that will cover all your SEO needs is a necessity. And it will pay for itself quickly.
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This is a list of notable software package management systems, categorized first by package format (binary, source code, hybrid) and then by operating system family.[1]
Binary packages[size=1][edit][/size]
The following package management systems distribute apps in binary package form; i.e., all apps are compiled and ready to be installed and use.
Unix-like[size=1][edit][/size]
Linux[edit]

• dpkg: Originally used by Debian and now by Ubuntu. Uses the .deb format and was the first to have a widely known dependency resolution tool, APT. The ncurses-based front-end for APT, aptitude, is also a popular package manager for Debian-based systems;
  
• Entropy: Used by and created for Sabayon Linux. It works with binary packages that are bzip2-compressed tar archives (file extension: 
  
  
  Code:

  .tbz2
  ), that are created using Entropy itself, from tbz2 binaries produced by Portage: From ebuilds, a type of specialized shell script;
  
• Flatpak: A containerized/sandboxed packaging format previously known as xdg-app;
  
• GNU Guix: Used by the GNU System. It is based on the Nix package manager with Guile Scheme APIs and specializes in providing exclusively free software;
  
• Homebrew: a port of the MacOS package manager of the same name (see below), formerly referred to as 'Linuxbrew';
  
• ipkg: A dpkg-inspired, very lightweight system targeted at storage-constrained Linux systems such as embedded devices and handheld computers. Used on HP's webOS;
  
• netpkg: The package manager used by Zenwalk. Compatible with Slackware package management tools;
  
• Nix Package Manager: Nix is a package manager for Linux and other Unix systems that makes package management reliable and reproducible. It provides atomic upgrades and rollbacks, side-by-side installation of multiple versions of a package, multi-user package management and easy setup of build environments;
  
• OpenPKG: Cross-platform package management system based on RPM Package Manager;
  
• opkg: Fork of ipkg lightweight package management intended for use on embedded Linux devices;
  
• Pacman: Used in Arch Linux, Frugalware and DeLi Linux. Its binary package format is a compressed tar archive (default file extension: 
  
  
  Code:

  .pkg.tar.zst
  ) built using the makepkg utility (which comes bundled with pacman) and a specialized type of shell script called a PKGBUILD;
  
• PETget: Used by Puppy Linux;
  
• PISI: Pisi stands for "Packages Installed Successfully as Intended". Pisi package manager is used by Pisi Linux.[2] Pardus used to use Pisi, but migrated to APT in 2013;[3]
  
• pkgsrc: A cross-platform package manager, with binary packages provided for Enterprise Linux, macOS and SmartOS by Joyent and other vendors;
  
• RPM Package Manager: Created by Red Hat. RPM is the Linux Standard Base packaging format and the base of a number of additional tools, including apt4rpm, Red Hat's up2date, Mageia's urpmi, openSUSE's ZYpp (zypper), PLD Linux's poldek, Fedora's DNF, and YUM, which is used by Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and Yellow Dog Linux;
  
• slackpkg;
  
• slapt-get: Which is used by Slackware and works with a binary package format that is essentially a xz-compressed tar archive with the file extension 
  
  
  Code:

  .txz;
• Smart Package Manager: Used by CCux Linux;
  
• Snap: Cross-distribution package manager, non-free on the server-side, originally developed for Ubuntu;
  
• Swaret;
  
• Zero Install (0install): Cross-platform packaging and distributions software. It is available for Arch Linux, Debian, Knoppix, Mint, Ubuntu, Fedora, Gentoo, OpenSUSE, Red Hat and Slackware;
  
• xbps (X Binary Package System): Used by Void Linux;
  
• apk-tools: Used by Alpine Linux. Originally a collection of shell scripts, but has been since rewritten in C;
  

• Amazon Appstore: Alternative app store for Android devices;
  
• Aptoide: application for installing mobile applications which runs on the Android operating system. In Aptoide there is not a unique and centralized store; instead, each user manages their own store.
  
• Cafe Bazaar: Alternative app store for Android.
  
• F-Droid: Alternative app store for Android, whose official repository contains only free software;
  
• Samsung Galaxy Store: An app store developed by Samsung for Android, Tizen, Windows Mobile and Bada devices.
  
• GetJar: An independent mobile phone app store founded in Lithuania in 2004;
  
• Google Play: Online app store developed by Google for Android devices that license the proprietary Google Application set;
  
• Huawei AppGallery: An app store developed by Huawei for Android devices and HarmonyOS devices.
  
• SlideME: Alternative app store for Android
  

• Mac App Store: Official digital distribution platform for OS X apps. Part of OS X 10.7 and available as an update for OS X 10.6;
  
• Fink: A port of dpkg, it is one of the earliest package managers for macOS;
  
• Homebrew: Command-Line Interface-based package manager, known for its ease-of-use and extensibility.
  
• MacPorts: Formerly known as DarwinPorts, based on FreeBSD Ports (as is macOS itself);
  
• Joyent: Provides a repository of 10,000+ binary packages for macOS based on pkgsrc;[4]
  
• Zero Install (0install): Cross-platform packaging and distributions software. Uses GnuPG and GTK+ on macOS;
  

• FreeBSD pkg – FreeBSD binary packages are built on top of source based FreeBSD Ports and managed with pkg tool;
  
• OpenBSD ports: The infrastructure behind the binary packages on OpenBSD;
  
• pkgsrc: A cross-platform package manager, with regular binary packages provided for NetBSD, Linux and macOS by multiple vendors;
  
• dpkg: Used as part of Debian GNU/kFreeBSD;
  
• OpenPKG: Cross-platform package management system based on rpm;
  
• PC-BSD: Up to and including version 8.2[5] uses files with the .pbi (Push Button Installer) filename extension which, when double-clicked, bring up an installation wizard program. Each PBI is self-contained and uses de-duplicated private dependencies to avoid version conflicts. An autobuild system tracks the FreeBSD ports collection and generates new PBIs daily. PC-BSD also uses the FreeBSD pkg binary package system; new packages are built approximately every two weeks from both a stable and rolling release branch of the FreeBSD ports tree.
  

• Image Packaging System (IPS, also known as "pkg(5)"): Used by Solaris, OpenSolaris and Illumos distributions like OpenIndiana and OmniOS;
  
• pkgsrc: SmartOS, OS distribution of Illumos from Joyent uses pkgsrc, that also can be bootstrapped to use on OpenIndiana;[6]
  
• OpenCSW: Community supported collection of packages in SysV format for SunOS 5.8-5.11 (Solaris 8-11);
  
• OpenPKG: Cross-platform package management system based on RPM Package Manager.
  

• App Store: Official app store for iOS apps;
  
• Cydia: Frontend to a port of APT. Maintained by the jailbreak community.
  

• Microsoft Store: Official app store for Universal Windows Platform apps on Windows NT and Windows 10 Mobile. As of Windows 11, it distributes video games and films as well;
  
• Windows Package Manager (aka winget): Free and open-source package manager designed for Microsoft Windows;
  
• Chocolatey: Open-source decentralized package manager for Windows in the spirit of Yum and apt-get. Usability wrapper for NuGet;
  
• Cygwin: Free and open-source software repository for Windows NT. Provides many Linux tools and an installation tool with package manager;
  
• Homebrew: a port of the MacOS package manager meant for use with Windows Subsystem for Linux, using the already existing Linux port as its base;
  
• Ninite: Proprietary package manager for Windows NT;
  
• NuGet: A Microsoft-official free and open-source package manager for Windows, available as a plugin for Visual Studio, and extendable from the command-line;
  
• Pacman: MSYS2-ported Windows version of the Arch Linux package manager;
  
• Scoop Package Manager: free and open-source package manager for Windows
  
• wpkg: Open-source package manager that handles Debian packages on Windows. Started as a clone of dpkg, and has many apt-get like features too;
  
• Zero Install (0install): Cross-platform packaging and distributions software. Uses .NET Framework on Windows NT;
  

• Windows Phone Store: Former official app store for Windows Phone. Now superseded by Microsoft Store;
  

• SMP/E.
  

• FreeBSD Ports is an original implementation of source based software management system commonly referred to as Ports collection. It gave way and inspired many others systems;
  
• OpenBSD ports is a Perl based reimplementation of ports collection;
  

• ABS is used by Arch Linux to automate binary packages building from source or even other binary archives, with automatic download and dependency checking;
  
• apt-build is used by distributions which use deb packages, allowing automatic compiling and installation of software in a deb source repository;
  
• Sorcery is Sourcemage GNU/Linux's bash based package management program that automatically downloads software from their original site and compiles and installs it on the local machine;
  

• Fink, for OS X, derives partially from dpkg/apt and partially from ports;
  
• MacPorts, formerly called DarwinPorts, originated from the OpenDarwin project;
  
• Homebrew, with close Git integration;
  
• pkgsrc can be used to install software directly from source-code, or to use the binary packages provided by several independent vendors.
  

• vcpkg:[7] A Microsoft C++ package manager for Windows, Linux and MacOS.
  

• Nix package manager: Package manager that manages software in a purely functional way, featuring multi-user support, atomic upgrades and rollbacks. Allows multiple versions or variants of a software to be installed at the same time. It has support for macOS and is cross-distribution in its Linux support;
  
• Portage and emerge are used by Gentoo Linux, Funtoo Linux, and Sabayon Linux. It is inspired by the BSD ports system and uses text based "ebuilds" to automatically download, customize, build, and update packages from source code. It has automatic dependency checking and allows multiple versions of a software package to be installed into different "slots" on the same system. Portage also employs "use flags" to allow the user to fully customize a software build to suit the needs of their platform in an automated fashion. While source code distribution and customization is the preferred methodology, some larger packages that would take many hours to compile on a typical desktop computer are also offered as pre-compiled binaries in order to ease installation;
  
• Upkg: Package management and build system based on Mono and XML specifications. Used by paldo and previously by ExTiX Linux;
  
• MacPorts (for OS X);
  
• NetBSD's pkgsrc works on several Unix-like operating systems, with regular binary packages for macOS and Linux provided by multiple independent vendors;
  
• Collective Knowledge Framework is a cross-platform package and workflow framework with JSON API that can download binary packages or build them from sources for Linux, Windows, MacOS and Android platforms.[8]
  

• AppImage (previously klik and PortableLinuxApps) aims to provide an easy way to get software packages for most major distributions without the dependency problems so common in many other package formats.
  
• Autopackage uses 
  
  
  Code:

  .package
   files.
  
• Zero Install installs each package into its own directory and uses environment variables to let each program find its libraries. Package and dependency information is downloaded directly from the software authors' pages in an XML format, similar to an RSS feed.
  
• PackageKit is a set of utilities and libraries for creating applications that can manage packages across multiple package managers using back-ends to call the correct program.
  

• Steam: A cross-platform video game distribution, licensing and social gameplay platform, developed and maintained by Valve. Used to shop for, download, install, update, uninstall and back up video games. Works on Windows NT, OS X and Linux;
  
• Uplay: A cross-platform video game distribution, licensing and social gameplay platform, developed and maintained by Ubisoft. Used to shop for, download, install and update video games. Works on Windows NT and Windows Phone, as well as PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Wii U, iOS and Android.
  
• Xbox Live: A cross-platform video game distribution platform by Microsoft. Works on Windows NT, Windows Phone and Xbox. Initially called Games for Windows – Live on Windows 7 and earlier. On Windows 10, the distribution function is taken over by Windows Store;
  

• Software Distributor is the HP-UX package manager.
  

• Bitnami: a library of installers or software packages for web applications;
  
• Cargo: is Rust's build system and package manager. It downloads, compiles, distributes, and uploads packages—called crates;
  
• CocoaPods: a dependency manager for Swift and Objective-C Cocoa projects;
  
• Composer: a dependency Manager for PHP;
  
• Conda: a package manager for open data science platform of the Python and R;
  
• CPAN: a programming library and package manager for Perl;
  
• CRAN: a programming library and package manager for R;
  
• CTAN: a package manager for TeX;
  
• Docker: Docker, a system for managing containers, serves as a package manager for deploying containerized applications;
  
• Enthought Canopy: a package manager for Python scientific and analytic computing distribution and analysis environment;
  
• Gradle: a build system and package manager for Groovy and other JVM languages, and also C++;
  
• Ivy: a package manager for Java, integrated into the Ant build tool, also used by sbt;
  
• Leiningen: a project automation tool for Clojure;
  
• LuaRocks: a programming library and package manager for Lua;
  
• Maven: a package manager and build tool for Java;
  
• npm: a programming library and package manager for Node.js and JavaScript;
  
• NuGet: the package manager for the Microsoft development platform including .NET Framework and Xamarin;
  
• PAR::Repository and Perl package manager: binary package managers for Perl;
  
• PEAR: a programming library for PHP;
  
• pip: a package manager for Python and the PyPI programming library;
  
• RubyGems: a package manager and repository for Ruby;
  
• sbt: a build tool for Scala, uses Ivy for dependency management;
  
• yarn: an alternative to npm for Node.js and JavaScript;